Human occupation of a landform can enrich the soil in many different elements. Sources of anthropogenic elements in soil include: human waste and organic refuse (derived from bone, meat, fish, and plants), burials and ash from fires and furnaces. Common elements introduced “by human activity are carbon, nitrogen, sodium, phosphorous, and calcium with lesser amounts of potassium, magnesium” and some metals (Holiday and Gartner, 2006). Elevated concentrations of these elements across an archaeology site can be used as an indicator of past human activity. Our research at pre-historic sites focuses on percent organics, phosphorous, potassium, calcium and magnesium. Nitrogen and sodium are soluble and not persistent in the soil profile. Magnesium and potassium are produced by burning wood (Heidenreich and Navratil, 1973). Animal bone will enrich soil in calcium and phosphorus. Animal excrement will enrich soil in potassium and phosphorus. Organic content can be enriched along occupation surfaces. Decomposition of organic matter will increase the concentration of all of these elements. Human occupation, biological activity and naturally occurring minerals can produce elevated magnetic susceptibility in soil. Magnetic susceptibility analysis is a non-destructive, rapid and inexpensive method that can be performed in-situ in the field or on a suite of samples in the laboratory. Elevated magnetic susceptibility produced by biological activity in an A-horizon can be used to map buried land surfaces. Human induced elevated magnetic susceptibility is typically associated with hearths and fires through the conversion of pedogenic hematite into maghemite at the base of a fire under high temperatures and anoxic conditions. Magnetic minerals are a byproduct of domestic and skilled trades at many early historic sites. Burning coal in kilns and furnaces used by potters, blacksmiths and in the processing of iron ore produces magnetic minerals that leave a magnetic signature on the landscape. Using a combination of soil chemistry and magnetic susceptibility is recommended for most projects. A comparison of the distribution of elevated elemental composition and magnetic susceptibility with artifact distribution and cultural features can be used to delineate activity areas within the study area.